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Not all hurt feelings are uncapped & costly

The Employment Appeal Tribunal slashed a £10,000 award for injury to feeling by 80% after an original tribunal ruling was deemed not to be Meek compliant as it failed to provide adequate reasons for the quantum awarded. A Miss Graham was employed by Eddie Stobart Ltd. for just over ten months as a planner when she became pregnant and immediately notified her line manager. Miss Graham asserted her right to be offered suitable alternative employment during her maternity leave under the MAPLE Regulations. She was interviewed for a new role but was unsuccessful and was terminated by reason of redundancy although her grievance Email to HR was blocked by the firewall.

Miss Graham complained that she had been "automatically" and unfairly dismissed as per Section 99 of the Employment Rights Act 1996 on the basis that the new role should have been given to her in priority to others who were not on maternity leave. The first Tribunal found that Miss Graham had not been unfairly dismissed but upheld her claim of detrimental treatment and pregnancy/maternity discrimination and awarded £10,000 for injury to her feelings. Eddie Stobart Ltd. appealed and the second tribunal found the award excessive given that she had soon found alternative employment and had not endured prolonged suffering.

This case underscores the importance of presenting evidence supporting any claim for injury to feelings in the form of a ‘checklist’, although HR departments should note that those who are forced to chase up their grievances during allocated maternity or paternity leave may have grounds for such claims, however excessive or seemingly irrational.

How to Stop Future Payments on Your Debit or Credit Card

Stopping future payments from being made on your debit or credit card is crucial for avoiding unwanted charges and managing your finances effectively. Here’s how you can do it:

The first step is to contact the company taking the payments. Request that they cancel the recurring charge and provide confirmation in writing or via email.

If the merchant refuses to stop the payments, you can contact your bank or card provider. Under UK law, you have the right to cancel recurring payments (also known as Continuous Payment Authorities, CPAs) at any time. Banks are legally required to stop the payment when requested.

Many banks allow you to manage subscriptions and regular payments through their online or mobile banking services. Look for options under “Manage Payments” or “Recurring Transactions” to cancel them yourself.

If all else fails, cancelling your debit or credit card and requesting a new one can be an effective way to stop unauthorised charges. However, this should be a last resort, as it can cause disruption to other legitimate payments.

Regularly checking your bank statements ensures that no unauthorised payments slip through. If you spot an issue, report it immediately to your bank.

Taking these steps will help you stay in control of your finances and prevent unwanted payments from continuing.

How to Check the Creditworthiness of New Customers

Before extending credit to new customers, it’s essential to assess their financial reliability. Checking their creditworthiness helps protect your business from potential losses and late payments. Here’s how to do it:

  • Start by requesting basic financial information from the customer, including company details, trading history, and references from suppliers. Established businesses should be able to provide trade references that confirm their payment behaviour.
  • Conduct a credit check using a business credit reference agency such as Experian, Equifax, or Credit safe. These agencies provide credit scores and reports on a company’s financial health, outstanding debts, and payment history. For individual customers, you may need their consent to run a personal credit check.
  • Review the customer’s filed accounts at Companies House if they are a UK-registered business. Financial statements, including balance sheets and profit and loss accounts, offer insight into their financial stability. A company with poor liquidity or persistent losses may pose a credit risk.
  • Check for County Court Judgments (CCJs) or insolvency records. If a business or individual has a history of unpaid debts or legal action, this could indicate a higher risk of non-payment.
  • Set appropriate credit limits and payment terms based on the information gathered. If necessary, request upfront payments or guarantees to minimise risks.

Finally, monitor ongoing customer creditworthiness. Even reliable customers can experience financial difficulties, so it’s important to review accounts periodically and adjust credit terms when necessary.

Small duty cuts on draught products from 1 February 2025

From 1 February 2025, alcohol duty on draught pints has been cut for the first time in a decade, saving drinkers 1p per pint. Small breweries also benefit from tax relief. However, duty on non-draught alcohol has risen with inflation, impacting bottled and canned drinks.

Small alcohol duty cuts on draught pints came into effect on 1 February 2025. This change was announced as part of last year’s Autumn Budget measures. The change has seen a reduction in the alcohol duty rates for draught products below 8.5% ABV by 1.7% in cash terms (or 5.1% if compared to the baseline expectation that rates would be increased with the Retail Price Index). This is the equivalent of a 1p duty reduction on an average 4.58% pint and the first duty reduction on pints of beer in 10 years.

There has also been an increase to small producer relief to help small breweries to innovate and grow. Together these tax cuts are worth £85 million and are tailored to support the alcohol sector to innovate and grow.

Commenting on the changes the Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury said:

Our pubs and brewers are an essential part the fabric of the UK and our brilliant high streets. Through draught relief, small producer relief, and expanding market access for smaller brewers, we will help boost sector growth and deliver our Plan for Change to put more money in working people’s pockets.

In addition, mandatory duty stamps for spirits will come to an end from 1 May 2025. This will help distilleries, including Scotch whisky makers, badge their products, increasing their chances to sell their products through pubs and supermarkets.

On a less positive note, also from 1 February 2025, the government has increased the alcohol duty rates that apply to all non-draught products in line with Retail Price Index inflation.

When is a hobby a business

Not sure if your hobby is actually a taxable trade? HMRC uses ‘badges of trade’ to assess whether an activity is a business. Factors like profit motive, transaction frequency, and asset changes help determine if tax rules apply to your earnings.

The 'badges of trade' tests, although not definitive, serve as important tools for HMRC in determining whether an activity constitutes a legitimate economic trade or business, or whether it is simply a personal hobby. There comes a point at which a careful and thorough evaluation is required to assess whether what initially started as a hobby has indeed transformed into a taxable activity.

As part of their investigation into whether a hobby has evolved into a trade, HMRC typically examines the following badges of trade:

  • Profit-seeking motive
  • The number of transactions
  • The nature of the asset
  • The existence of similar trading transactions or interests
  • Changes made to the asset
  • The manner in which the sale was carried out
  • The source of finance used
  • The interval of time between purchase and sale
  • The method of acquisition

It is important to note that there is no statutory definition of the term ‘trade.’ The only statutory clarification available is that ‘trade’ includes a ‘venture in the nature of trade.’ As a result, it is the courts that have provided a definition of what constitutes a 'trade,' and these decisions serve as a framework for guiding HMRC's assessments when disputes arise.

The badges of trade have proven to be valuable indicators in numerous cases, providing practical guidance in distinguishing between a hobby and a taxable trade or business.