Tax thresholds frozen till 2028? That’s fiscal drag in action – more tax paid without rate rises. It’s a stealthy revenue boost for HM Treasury, projected to bring in £38bn a year by 2029. Inflation and pay rises make it worse.

The freezing of tax thresholds often results in a phenomenon known as fiscal drag. When tax thresholds remain static, taxpayers find themselves paying more tax as their earnings increase, without receiving a corresponding rise in tax allowances. Consequently, more individuals are "dragged" into higher tax brackets or start paying tax for the first time, essentially functioning as a hidden or stealth tax. In the UK, several tax thresholds—particularly for Income Tax—have been frozen since April 2022 and are set to remain unchanged until April 2028.

While fiscal drag is not an unusual occurrence, its impact is influenced by three critical factors: the government's setting of thresholds and allowances, inflation, and wage growth. How these thresholds are determined is especially significant during periods of high inflation.

Adjusting tax thresholds to align with inflation or another index is referred to as "indexation." The government’s approach of increasing certain thresholds each year based on inflation is called "uprating." However, this policy is not consistently applied. When thresholds are frozen, tax revenues increase for HM Treasury without the need for any adjustments in tax rates. According to the latest estimate from the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR), the freeze on Income Tax thresholds is projected to generate an additional £38 billion annually by 2029-30.

Do you know what your 2025–26 tax code means? It affects how much tax is taken from your pay or pension. Check now to make sure you're on the right code and not overpaying! Here's what the letters and numbers really mean.

You can find your tax code:

• by checking your tax code for the current year online – you’ll need to sign in to or create an online account
• on the HMRC app
• on your payslip
• on a ‘Tax Code Notice’ letter from HMRC if you get one

The tax codes are updated annually. The basic personal allowance for the 2025-26 tax year is £12,570. The corresponding tax code for an employee entitled to the standard tax-free Personal Allowance 1257L. This is the most common tax code and is used for most people with one job and no untaxed income, unpaid tax or taxable benefits (for example a company car).

There are a lot of other numbers and letters that can appear in your tax code. For example, there are letters that show where an employee is claiming the marriage allowance (M) or where their income or pension is taxed using the Scottish rates (S). If your tax code numbers are changed this usually means your personal allowance has been reduced.

There are also emergency tax codes (W1 or M1) which can be used if a new employee doesn’t have a P45. These codes mean that an employee’s tax calculation is based only on what they are paid in the current pay period.

If your tax code has a 'K' at the beginning this means that deductions due for company benefits, state pension or tax owed from previous years are greater than your personal allowance. However, the tax deduction for each pay period can’t be more than half your pre-tax pay or pension.

It is important to check your 2025-26 tax code to ensure the correct information is being used. 
 

From April 2025, updated ATED rates apply to residential properties held by companies and other Non-Natural Persons (NNPs). Make sure returns and payments are submitted by 30 April to avoid penalties. Reliefs may apply for commercial use.

The Annual Tax on Enveloped Dwellings (ATED) applies to NNPs who own interests in residential properties valued over £500,000. These provisions specifically affect entities such as companies, partnerships with company members, and managers of collective investment schemes, which are all classified as NNPs under the legislation.

Individuals who own property directly (rather than through a company) are not subject to ATED or ATED-related Capital Gains Tax (CGT). Furthermore, certain reliefs may be available if the property is used for commercial purposes.

Since 1 April 2025, ATED is charged based on the following property value bands:

For properties that were subject to ATED on 1 April 2025, both the return and payment must be submitted by 30 April 2025, covering the ATED period from 1 April 2025 to 31 March 2026. If a property is acquired after 1 April and falls within the scope of ATED, payment is due within 30 days of acquisition.

Penalties may be imposed for late filing, late payments, or inaccurate returns. Taxpayers have 30 days to appeal HMRC decisions, including penalties or determinations, by providing the grounds for the appeal.

Small gifts can mean big tax savings! Use the trivial benefits exemption in 2025–26 to reward employees with non-cash perks under £50 – no PAYE, no P11D, and no NIC. A smart, simple way to say thanks.

The rules providing trivial benefit payments provide a great opportunity to give small rewards and incentives to employees in the new 2025-26 tax year. The benefit-in-kind (BiK) trivial exemption applies to small non-cash benefits like a bottle of wine, or a bouquet of flowers given occasionally to employees or any other BiK classed as 'trivial' that falls within the exemption.

By taking advantage of the exemption employers can simplify the treatment of BiKs whilst at the same time offering a tax efficient way to give small gifts to employees. The employer also benefits as the trivial benefit payments do not have to be included on PAYE settlement agreements or disclosed on P11D forms. There is also a matching exemption from Class 1A National Insurance contributions.

The tax exemption applies to trivial BiKs where the BiK:

• is not cash or a cash-voucher; and
• costs £50 or less; and
• is not provided as part of a salary sacrifice or other contractual arrangement; and
• is not provided in recognition of services performed by the employee as part of their employment, or in anticipation of such services.

The rules also allow directors or other office-holders of close companies and their families to benefit from an annual cap of £300. The £50 limit remains for each gift but could allow for up to £300 of non-cash benefits to be withdrawn per director or shareholder per year. The £300 cap doesn’t apply to employees. If the £50 limit is exceeded for any gift, the full value of the benefit will be taxable.

Supply line interruptions can be a nightmare for any business. Whether it’s a delay in deliveries, a shortage of materials, or problems with international shipping, things can grind to a halt fast. But with a bit of planning and a calm approach, you can keep things ticking over and reduce the impact.

1. Know your supply chain inside out

The first step is understanding exactly where your goods are coming from and how they get to you. Who are the suppliers? Are they reliant on overseas shipping? Do they have a history of delays? Map it all out so you can spot weak points before they become full-blown problems.

2. Build strong relationships with suppliers

Good relationships matter. If you’ve got a solid connection with your supplier, they’re far more likely to keep you in the loop if issues arise. It also makes it easier to negotiate alternatives or push your order to the top of the queue when things go wrong.

3. Keep a buffer stock if you can

Holding a bit of extra stock can be a lifesaver, especially for critical items. It might tie up a bit of cash, but it gives you breathing space if something doesn’t arrive on time. It’s all about balance – enough to cover a delay, but not so much that it eats into your profits.

4. Have a Plan B (and maybe a Plan C)

Diversify your supply sources where possible. If one supplier can’t deliver, having an alternative ready can mean the difference between a minor hiccup and a major crisis. Even just knowing who else you could call on helps you react quicker.

5. Stay informed and flexible

Keep an eye on news that might affect supply chains – like strikes, border issues, or economic changes. The sooner you know something’s up, the quicker you can respond. And stay flexible. Can you switch to a different product? Delay a launch? Being adaptable is key.

Final thoughts

Supply line interruptions aren’t always avoidable, but they don’t have to derail your business. With a bit of foresight and some strong backup plans, you can weather the storm and keep moving forward – even if the lorries aren’t.