It was announced as part of the Budget measures that the higher rates of Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) on purchases of additional residential properties will increase to 5% (from 3%) for transactions with an effective date on or after 31 October 2024.

This applies to individual purchases of additional residential property such as buy to let properties and second homes in England and Northern Ireland. The higher rate does not usually apply to individuals who own one residential property irrespective of the intended use of the property. However, individuals might be required to pay the higher rates even if they plan to live in the property they are purchasing and do not own another residential property. This is because the rules apply not just to the buyer, but also to anyone they are married to or purchasing the property jointly with. The measure also increases the single rate of SDLT payable by companies and other non-natural persons when purchasing residential properties worth more than £500,000, from 15% to 17%.

Temporary changes were made by the previous government in September 2022 to various SDLT bands reducing the amount of SDLT payable for many buyers. No SDLT is currently payable for first-time buyers making a purchase of up to £425,000 (£300,000 prior to 23 September 2022). The relief also applies to the first £425,000 (£300,000 prior to 23 September 2022) for purchases up to £625,000 (£500,000 prior to 23 September 2022). There is no SDLT relief available for first-time buyers spending more than £625,000 (£500,000 prior to 23 September 2022) on a property. No extension to these temporary changes was announced as part of the Budget measures so these figures are now expected to revert back to the old limits on 31 March 2025 as planned.

In addition, the SDLT zero rate band was increased from £125,000 to £250,000 from 23 September 2022. This resulted in the removal of the 2% band for properties ranging from £125,000 to £250,000. These changes are also temporary and set to revert back to the old limits on 31 March 2025.

In the Autumn Budget, the Chancellor had been widely expected to increase fuel duty rates. However, in a surprise announcement she extended the fuel duty cut for a further 12 months to help support households and businesses. A tax cut estimated to be worth £3 billion.

The government was facing considerable pressure from consumer and business groups to try and alleviate the pain of high fuel prices. This means that the temporary cut in the rates of fuel duty introduced at Spring Statement in March 2022, and extended multiple times is to be extended for a further 12 months until 22 March 2026.

The assumed inflation increases in fuel duty will not now take place. This will maintain fuel duty rates at current levels for another year and represents a reduction of around 7p per litre for main petrol and diesel rates in comparison to previous plans.

As part of the Autumn Budget measures the Chancellor announced that the duty rates on tobacco products were increased by 2% above the rate of inflation (based on RPI) effective from 6pm on 30 October 2024. It was also confirmed that the duty for hand-rolling tobacco was increased by an additional 10%, to 12% above RPI inflation at the same time to narrow the gap between hand-rolling tobacco and cigarette duty rates.

The Chancellor also announced that effective from 1 February 2025, the government will increase the Alcohol Duty rates that apply to all non-draught products in line with Retail Price Index inflation. In happier news, it was announced that the government will reduce all Alcohol Duty rates for draught products by 1.7% in cash terms (or 5.1% if compared to the baseline expectation that rates would be increased with the Retail Price Index). The reduction to duty rates on draught products will result in the average alcoholic strength pint (4.58% alcohol by volume) paying 1 pence less in duty.

It was further announced that the government will introduce a new duty  at a flat rate of 22p/ml on vaping products from October 2026. This will be accompanied by a further one-off increase in tobacco duty to maintain financial incentive to choose vaping over smoking.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer, Rachel Reeves announced significant increases to the Minimum Wage rates on the eve of the Budget. The Chancellor confirmed that the government has accepted in full the proposals of the Low Pay Commission (LPC) for increasing minimum wage rates from 1 April 2025. The LPC’s advisory remit was overhauled by ministers in July to consider the cost of living.

The National Living Wage (NLW) rate will increase from £11.44 to £12.21 on 1 April 2025 and represents an increase of 77p or 6.7%. The NLW is the minimum hourly rate that must be paid to those aged 21 or over. The increase represents a pay rise of over £1,400 a year for someone working full-time and earning the NLW.

It was also announced that the National Minimum Wage (for 18-20 year olds) will increase from £8.60 to £10.00 an hour. This is largest increase ever in the NMW (an impressive 16.3% increase) that will see younger workers having their pay boosted by up to £2,500 next year. This increase is part of a move to narrow the gap in wage rates for 18-20 years olds and the NLW and ultimately create a single adult wage rate for all those aged 18 and over.

The NMW rates for 16 to 17 years old will increase from £6.40 to £7.55 – an increase of £1.15 or 18% per hour – from next April. The Apprentice Rate will mirror this increase in line with earlier recommendations by the LPC.

As had been widely predicted, the Chancellor announced increases to the rate of National Insurance contributions (NICs) that are paid by employers. The main rate of secondary Class 1 NICs will increase by 1.2% to 15% (from 13.8%) effective from 6 April 2025. The Class 1A and Class 1B employer rates will also increase in line with this change.

The Class 1 NICs secondary threshold, the level at which employers start to pay NICs, will also be reduced to £5,000 (from £9,100) per year. This change will take effect from 6 April 2025 and last until 5 April 2028. Thereafter, the secondary Class 1 NICs threshold will be increased annually in line with the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

To help small businesses with these changes it was also announced by the Chancellor, Rachel Reeves, that the Employment Allowance will increase from £5,000 to £10,500. Currently, the allowance is only available to employers that have employer NIC liabilities of under £100,000. The Chancellor confirmed that this threshold will be removed and that all eligible small businesses will benefit from the increased rate. Government figures have confirmed that this results in 865,000 employers paying no NICs next year. These changes will come into effect from April 2025.