Author: Glenn

Are you a landlord? Maximise your rental income by knowing which expenses you can claim to reduce your tax bill. From maintenance costs to Replacement of Domestic Item Relief, understanding allowable deductions is key to smart property management.

If you are a landlord, it is important to be aware of the expenses that can and cannot be claimed from rental income. As a general rule, allowable expenses must be wholly and exclusively for the purpose of renting out the property. In some cases, a proportion of expenses can be claimed if part of the expense relates to the property business.

Common types of deductible revenue expenditure include:

• General maintenance and repairs to the property (but not improvements).
• Water rates, council tax, gas, and electricity.
• Insurance costs.
• Letting agent and management fees.
• Qualifying legal and accountancy fees.
• Direct costs such as phone calls, stationery, and advertising for new tenants.
• Vehicle running costs (only the proportion used for the rental business), including mileage rate deductions for business-related motoring costs.

Additionally, the Replacement of Domestic Item Relief allows landlords to claim tax relief when replacing furniture, furnishings, appliances, and kitchenware in a rented property, provided certain conditions are met.

Landlords should also keep a record of any capital expenditure incurred on investment properties. These expenses cannot be claimed as revenue expenditure against rental income but can usually be offset against Capital Gains Tax when selling a property.

Misplaced your National Insurance number? Do not worry! From checking payslips to using the HMRC app, there are many ways to recover it. If all else fails, you can request it via post. Here is everything you need to know to locate or apply for your NI number.

Firstly, you could try and locate the number on paperwork such as your tax return, payslip or P60. You can also use your personal tax account or the HMRC App to find your National Insurance number.

If your National Insurance number still cannot be found a request can be submitted in writing to HMRC using form CA5403 or by telephone. HMRC will not disclose your number over the telephone and will instead send the details by post to the address HMRC has for you on file. The details should arrive within 15 days.

Teenagers should automatically be sent a letter just before their 16th birthday detailing their National Insurance number. These letters should be kept in a safe place. The old plastic National Insurance cards that some of our readers may remember are no longer available.

The National Insurance number helpline can help those aged between 16 and 20 who have not received a letter with details of their National Insurance number as well as other new applicants. An individual must have the right to work or study in the UK in order to apply for a National Insurance number.

The 31 January 2025 deadline for self-assessment tax returns is fast approaching. Avoid penalties and last-minute stress by filing your return and paying any tax due promptly. Don’t forget, first-time filers need to register for HMRC’s online service without delay.

You should also be aware that payment of any tax due should also be made by this date. This includes the remaining self-assessment balance for the 2023-24 tax year, as well as the first payment on account for the 2024-25 tax year.

A recent press release by HMRC has highlighted the fact that 4,409 taxpayers took the time to file their tax return online on Christmas Day with a further 11,932 taxpayers completing their tax returns on Boxing Day. In total, 40,072 self-assessment returns were filed between 24 and 26 December. The total number of submissions for the period was significantly more than in the previous year.

If you are filing online for the first time you should ensure that you register to use HMRC’s self-assessment online service as soon as possible. Once registered an activation code will be sent by mail. This process can take up to 10 working days.

If you miss the filing deadline then you will be charged a £100 fixed penalty (unless you have a reasonable excuse) which applies even if there is no tax to pay, or if the tax due is paid on time. There are further penalties for late tax returns still outstanding 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the deadline. There are also additional penalties for late payment amounting to 5% of the tax unpaid at 30 days, 6 months and 12 months.

Planning to sell your business or shares? Capital Gains Tax rates for Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) are set to rise from 10% to 14% on 6 April 2025, and to 18% from 6 April 2026. Selling before these dates could result in significant tax savings.

Business Asset Disposal Relief (BADR) applies to the sale of a business, shares in a trading company, or an individual’s interest in a trading partnership. When this relief is available, a reduced Capital Gains Tax (CGT) rate of 10% is currently applied instead of the standard rate, potentially resulting in significant tax savings for those exiting their business.

It is important to note the future increases in the CGT rate for BADR that were announced as part of the Autumn Budget measures. The CGT rate for BADR will increase to 14% for disposals made on or after 6 April 2025. A further increase to 18% will apply for disposals made on or after 6 April 2026.

For business owners contemplating an exit strategy, the coming months might be an opportune time to consider selling before the upcoming changes take effect on 6 April 2025.

Currently, you can claim a total of £1 million in BADR over your lifetime, allowing you to qualify for the relief multiple times. The lifetime limit may be higher if you sold assets before 11 March 2020. No changes were made to this lifetime limit in the recent Budget.

The lifetime limit for Investors’ Relief was reduced in the Autumn Budget to £1 million (from £10 million) for qualifying disposals made on or after 30 October 2024. The CGT rates for Investors’ Relief mirror those for BADR.

The Chancellor’s Spring Statement, scheduled for 26 March 2025, is expected to focus on navigating the challenges of public finances, economic growth, and household pressures.

Economic Context

The UK economy is forecast to grow by 2% in 2025, though inflation is projected to remain above the Bank of England's 2% target for several more years. This economic backdrop follows significant tax increases announced in the October 2024 Budget, where £40 billion in measures were introduced, including raising employers' National Insurance contributions from 13.8% to 15% for salaries above £5,000. These policies have triggered concerns across businesses and households, compounding challenges for an economy still recovering from previous shocks.

Taxation and Public Finances

Despite the £40 billion in tax hikes, a £22 billion deficit in public finances has been identified, suggesting further fiscal measures may be necessary. Economists anticipate additional increases in capital gains and inheritance taxes as the government seeks to address this shortfall. Meanwhile, the rise in employers' National Insurance contributions has created significant burdens on businesses, particularly in labour-intensive industries like retail and hospitality, raising concerns about job losses and reduced investment.

Business Challenges

Business confidence has dipped to its lowest level in two years, with many companies reducing staff due to rising employment costs. December 2024 saw the fastest rate of job cuts in four years, highlighting the strain on businesses. The government may need to consider targeted support for struggling sectors to counteract the impact of its tax policies and foster stability.

Household Finances

Households are bracing for rising costs in 2025, with food prices expected to increase by up to 4.9%, energy bills climbing, and mortgage payments potentially rising if there are further interest rate hikes. Stamp duty thresholds are set to drop in April, increasing costs for property buyers, and rail fares are expected to rise by 4.6% from March. These pressures will likely lead to calls for government intervention to support families.

Potential Policy Adjustments

The Chancellor could use the Spring Statement to refine some of the policies introduced in the Autumn Budget. Possible measures include adjustments to the National Insurance increase, which has proven particularly controversial. Additionally, there may be new proposals targeting Inheritance and Capital Gains taxes to help bridge the fiscal deficit. Support for businesses, such as reliefs or incentives, might also feature to counteract declining confidence and rising unemployment. For households, the government could announce measures to ease financial pressures, such as subsidies for energy bills or targeted support for low-income families.

Conclusion

The Spring Statement presents an opportunity for the Chancellor to balance fiscal discipline with much-needed support for businesses and households. As stakeholders across sectors await the announcements, the government’s response will be crucial in shaping the UK’s economic outlook.