Author: Glenn

The Bank of England's recent decision to reduce the base rate to 4.75% brings several potential benefits to various sectors of the UK economy. Let's explore these advantages in detail.

Reduced Borrowing Costs

Lowering the base rate directly influences the interest rates offered by banks and financial institutions. This reduction can lead to decreased borrowing costs for individuals and businesses.

Mortgages: Homeowners with variable-rate mortgages may see a reduction in their monthly payments. For instance, a 0.25% decrease on a £200,000 mortgage could save approximately £28 per month. This reduction can ease financial pressures on households.

Stimulated Economic Growth

Lower interest rates can encourage spending and investment, which are vital components of economic growth.

• Consumer Spending: With reduced borrowing costs, consumers may be more inclined to make significant purchases, such as homes or cars, boosting demand in these markets.
• Business Investment: Affordable financing can lead businesses to invest in new projects, technology, or workforce expansion, contributing to economic development.

Enhanced Business Confidence

Lower borrowing costs can improve business sentiment.

• Investment in Growth: Companies may feel more confident in investing in growth opportunities, leading to innovation and expansion.
• Job Creation: Business expansion can result in job creation, reducing unemployment rates and stimulating economic activity.

Impact on Savings

While lower interest rates can benefit borrowers, they may affect savers.

• Reduced Savings Returns: Interest earned on savings accounts may decrease, potentially discouraging saving.
• Shift to Investments: Savers might seek higher returns through investments in stocks or bonds, influencing financial markets.

Broader Economic Implications

The rate cut can have wider economic effects.

• Stock Market Reaction: Lower rates can lead to higher stock prices as investors seek better returns than those offered by savings accounts.
• Bond Yields: Government and corporate bond yields may decrease, affecting investment strategies.

In summary, the Bank of England's decision to cut the base rate to 4.75% is designed to stimulate economic activity by reducing borrowing costs, encouraging spending and investment, and supporting various sectors of the economy. While there are potential downsides, such as reduced returns for savers, the overall aim is to foster a stable and growing economic environment.

Will there be further rate cuts?

The recent elections in the United States may have an impact on the speed of further rate cuts as the markets anticipate protectionist tariffs and other factors that may dampen economic growth. Business owners and households would be advised to budget for rates between 4% and 5% for some time.

When evaluating the annual running costs of electric vehicles (EVs) compared to diesel cars, several key factors come into play: fuel (or electricity) expenses, maintenance, insurance, taxation, and depreciation. Here's a detailed comparison:

Fuel/Electricity Costs

• Diesel Cars: Assuming an average fuel efficiency of 50 miles per gallon (mpg) and a diesel price of £1.49 per litre, driving 10,000 miles annually would cost approximately £1,361.
• Electric Cars: With an average consumption of 17.5 kilowatt-hours (kWh) per 100 miles, the cost varies based on charging methods:
  • Home Charging: At a standard rate of 29p per kWh, the annual cost is about £508.
  • Public Charging: Using public chargers at an average of 59p per kWh, the cost rises to approximately £1,033.

Therefore, EVs can offer significant savings on energy costs, especially when primarily charged at home.

Maintenance Costs

• Diesel Cars: These vehicles have complex engines with numerous moving parts, leading to higher maintenance needs and costs over time.
• Electric Cars: EVs have fewer moving components, resulting in lower maintenance expenses. Estimates suggest servicing electric cars is about 23% cheaper than servicing diesel or petrol cars over a three-year/60,000-mile period.

Insurance Costs

• Diesel Cars: Insurance premiums are generally based on factors like vehicle value, performance, and repair costs.
• Electric Cars: Insurance for EVs can be higher due to their higher purchase price and specialised repair requirements. Some studies indicate that electric car insurance premiums are 14% higher than their petrol or diesel equivalents.

Taxation

• Diesel Cars: Subject to Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) based on CO₂ emissions, leading to higher annual tax charges.
• Electric Cars: Currently exempt from VED, offering annual savings. However, starting in April 2025, EVs will no longer be exempt from road tax.

Depreciation

• Diesel Cars: Tend to depreciate steadily over time.
• Electric Cars: Initially faced higher depreciation rates, but recent trends show EVs retaining value better, especially as the market grows and technology improves.

Overall Comparison

While EVs often have higher upfront costs, their lower fuel and maintenance expenses can lead to reduced annual running costs compared to diesel cars. However, factors like insurance premiums and future tax changes should be considered. Individual driving habits, charging options, and specific vehicle models will influence the total cost of ownership.

1 December 2024 – Due date for Corporation Tax payable for the year ended 28 February 2024.

19 December 2024 – PAYE and NIC deductions due for month ended 5 December 2024. (If you pay your tax electronically the due date is 22 December 2024).

19 December 2024 – Filing deadline for the CIS300 monthly return for the month ended 5 December 2024. 

19 December 2024 – CIS tax deducted for the month ended 5 December 2024 is payable by today.

30 December 2024 – Deadline for filing 2023-24 self-assessment tax returns online to include a claim for under payments to be collected via tax code in 2025-26.

1 January 2025 – Due date for Corporation Tax due for the year ended 31 March 2024.

19 January 2025 – PAYE and NIC deductions due for month ended 5 January 2025. (If you pay your tax electronically the due date is 22 January 2025).

19 January 2025 – Filing deadline for the CIS300 monthly return for the month ended 5 January 2025. 

19 January 2025 – CIS tax deducted for the month ended 5 January 2025 is payable by today.

31 January 2025 – Last day to file 2022-23 self-assessment tax returns online.

31 January 2024 – Balance of self-assessment tax owing for 2023-24 due to be settled on or before today unless you have elected to extend this deadline by formal agreement with HMRC. Also due is any first payment on account for 2024-25.

It was announced as part of the Autumn Budget measures that the government will not now proceed with the reform to base the High Income Child Benefit Charge (HICBC) on household incomes.

To make it easier for all taxpayers to get their HICBC right, the government will allow employed individuals to report Child Benefit payments through their tax code from 2025 and pre-prepopulate self-assessment tax returns with Child Benefit data for those not using this service.

The income threshold at which HICBC starts to be charged has been set at £60,000 since 6 April 2024. The charge is calculated at 1% of the full Child Benefit award for every £200 of income between £60,000 and £80,000. For taxpayers with income above £80,000 the amount of the charge is the same as the amount of Child Benefit received. The HICBC therefore either reduces or removes the financial benefit of receiving Child Benefit.

Claims can be easily made through the HMRC app or online, and new claims are automatically backdated for up to 3 months or to the child’s birth date if later.

Taxpayers can choose whether to continue receiving Child Benefit and pay the tax charge or opt to stop receiving it and avoid the charge. It is usually beneficial to claim Child Benefit as doing so can safeguard certain benefits and ensure your child receives a National Insurance number.

It was confirmed as part of the Autumn Budget measures that changes announced by the previous government at the Spring Budget earlier this year will proceed almost entirely as initially announced. From April 2025, the government will abolish the remittance basis of taxation for non-UK domiciled individuals and replace it with a simpler residence-based regime.

The government will also introduce a 4-year foreign income and gains (FIG) regime. New arrivals to the UK who opt into the regime will benefit from 100% relief on FIG in their first four years of tax residence, provided they have not been UK tax resident in any of the 10 consecutive years prior to their arrival.

As a transitional measure for Capital Gains Tax purposes, current and past remittance basis users will be able to rebase personally held foreign assets they held on 5 April 2017 to that date where certain conditions are met.

Overseas Workday Relief will be extended to a 4 year period to align with the new 4-year FIG regime. This will remove the need for users of this relief to keep their employment income offshore. The amount of Overseas Workday Relief that can be claimed annually will be limited to the lower of £300,000 or 30% of the employee’s net employment income from 6 April 2025.

A new Temporary Repatriation Facility (TRF) for individuals who have been taxed on the remittance basis will also be introduced from April 2025 for 3 years. This will allow individuals to designate and remit at a reduced rate foreign income and gains that arose prior to the changes. This includes unattributed foreign income and gains held within trust structures. The TRF rate will be 12% for the first 2 years and 15% in the final tax year of operation.